Get to know bearing better
- Bearing Failures and Counter Detecting and Correcting Irr Inspection of Bearings
Bearing Failures and Countermeasures
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In general, if rolling bearings are used correctly they will survive to their predicted fatigue life. However, they often fail prematurely due to avoidable mistakes. In contrast to fatigue life, this premature failure is caused by improper mounting, handling, or lubrication, entry of foreign matter, or abnormal heat generation.
For instance, the causes of rib scoring, as one example of premature failure, may include insufficient lubrication, use of improper lubricant, faulty lubrication system, entry of foreign matter, bearing mounting error, excessive deflection of the shaft, or any combination of these. Thus, it is difficult to determine the real cause of some premature failures.
If all the conditions at the time of failure and previous to the time of failure are known, including the application, the operating conditions, and environment; then by studying the nature of the failure and its probable causes, the possibility of similar future failures can be reduced.Type of Failure
Probable Causes
Countermeasure
Flaking
Flaking of one-side of the raceway
of radial bearing.
Abnomal axial load.
A loose fit should be used
when mounting the outerring of free-end bearings
to allow axial expansion
of the shaft.
Flaking of the raceway
in symmetrical patterm.
Out-of-roundness of the
Housing bore.
Correct the faulty housing.
Flaking pattern inclined
relative to the raceway
in radial ball bearings.Flaking near the edge
of the raceway and rollingsurfaces in roller bearings.
Improper muonting, deflection
of shaft, inadequate tolerances
for shaft and housing.
Use care in mounting
And centering, select a
bearing with a large
clearance, and correct the
shaft and housing shoulder.
Flaking of <, /SPAN>raceway with
same spacing as rolling
elements.
Large shock load
during mounting,
rusting while bearingis out of operation for
prolonged period.
Use care in mounting
and apply a rust
preventive when
machine operation
is suspended for a
long time.Premature flaking of raceway
and rolling elements.
Insufficient clearance,
Excessive load,
improper lubrication,
rust, etc.
Select proper fit, bearing
clearance, and lubricant.Premature flaking of duplex
bearings.
Excessive preload.
Adjust the preload.
Scoring
Scoring or smearing
between raceway and
rolling surfaces.
Inadequate initial lubrication,
excessively hard grease andhigh acceleration when starting.
Use a softer grease
and avoid
rapid acceleration.
Spiral scoring or smearing
of raceway surface of thrust
ball bearing.
Raceway rings are not parallel
and excessive speed.Correct the mounting, apply
a preload, or select another
bearing type.
Scoring or smearing between
the end face of the rollers
and guide rib.
Inadequate lubrication, incorrect
mounting and large axial load.Select proper lubricant and
modify the mounting.Cracks
Crack in outer or inner ring.
Excessive shock load,
excessiveinterference in
fitting, poor surface
cylindricality, improper sleeve
taper, large fillet radius,
development of thermal
cracks and advancementof flaking.
Examine the loading
conditions, modify
the fit of bearing and
sleeve. The fillet radius
must be smaller than
the bearing chamfer.
Crack in rolling element.
Broken rib.
Advancement of flaking,
shock applied to the rib during
mounting or dropped during
handling.
Be carefull in handling
and mounting.
Fractured cage.
Abnormal loading of cage due
to incorrect mounting and
improper lubrication.
Reduce the mounting
error and review the
lubricating method
and lubricant.
Indentat
ions
Indentations in raceway
in same pattern as
rolling elements.
Shock load during mounting or
excessive load when not rotating.Use care in handling.
Indentations in raceway
and rolling elements.
Foreign matter such as metallic
chips or sand.Clean the housing,
improve the seals, and
use a clean lubricant.
Abnorm
al Wear
False brinelling
(phenomenon similarto brinelling)
Vibration of the bearing without
rotation during shipment or
rocking motion of small
amplitude.Secure the shaft and housing,
use oilas a lubricant
and reduce vibrationby
applying a preload.
Fretting
<, /TD>Slight wear of the fitting surface.
Increase interference and
apply oil.Wearing of raceway, rolling
elements, rib, and cage.Penentration by foreign matter,
incorrect lubrication, and rust.Improve the seals, clean the
housing, and use a clean
lubricant.Creep
Insufficient interference or
insufficient tightening of sleeve.Modify the fit or tighten
the sleeve
Seizure
Discoloration and melting
of raceway, rollingelements, and ribs.
Insufficient clearance,
incorrect lubrication, or
improper mounting.Review the internal clearance
and bearing fit, supply an
adequate amount of the
proper lubricant and improve
the mounting method and
related parts.
Electric Burng
Fluting or corrugations.
Melting due to electric arcing.
Install a ground wire to stop
the flow of electricity or
insulate the beaning.
Corrosion & Rust
Rust and corrosion of
fitting surfaces andbearing interior.
Condensation of water from the
air, or fretting.Penetration by corrosive
substance(especially
varnish-gas, etc).Use care in storing and
avoid high temperature and
high humidity,treatment for
rust prevention is
necessary when operation
is stopped for long time.
Selection of varnish and grease.